E hoʻolauna i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole

1. ^{Hoʻolauna i nā Pūnaewele}

(1) Hōʻikeʻike:ʻO nā pūnaewele nā ​​mea nui ohana mana photovoltaic, a me kā lākou ala ʻenehana a me ka pae kaʻina hana e pili pono i ka pono o ka hana mana a me ke ola lawelawe o nā modula photovoltaic.Aia nā pūnaewele Photovoltaic i ka waena waena o ke kaulahao ʻoihana photovoltaic.He mau ʻāpana lahilahi semiconductor hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu māmā o ka lā i ikehu uila i loaʻa ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā wafers silicon single/poly crystalline.

ʻO ke kumukānāwai ohana mana photovoltaicmai ka hopena photoelectric o semiconductors.Ma o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, hiki ke ʻano ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka homogeneous semiconductors a i ʻole semiconductors i hui pū ʻia me nā metala.Hoʻololi ʻia ia mai nā photons (nā nalu māmā) i electrons a me ka ikehu māmā i ikehu uila e hana i ka volta.a me ka hana o keia wa.ʻAʻole hiki i nā wafer silika i hana ʻia ma ka loulou i luna ke alakaʻi i ka uila, a ʻo nā cell solar i hoʻoponopono ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka mana hana o nā modula photovoltaic.

(2) Hoʻokaʻawale:Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano substrate, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā cell i ʻelua ʻano:Nā pūnaewele P-type a me N-type cell.Hiki i ka Doping boron i loko o nā kristal silika ke hana i nā semiconductor P-type;Hiki i ka doping phosphorus ke hana i nā semiconductor ʻano ʻano N.ʻO ka mea maka o ka pila P-type he wafer silicon P-type (doped me ka boron), a ʻo ka mea maka o ka pila N-type he wafer silicon N-type (doped me ka phosphorus).ʻO nā pūnaewele P-type ka nui o ka BSF (ka alumini maʻamau back field cell) a me ka PERC (passivated emitter and rear cell);ʻO nā pūnaewele N-type i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻenehanaTOPCon(Tunneling oxide layer passivation contact) a me HJT (intrinsic thin film Hetero junction).ʻO ka pākaukau N-type ke alakaʻi i ka uila ma o nā electrons, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka attenuation māmā i hana ʻia e ka boron-oxygen atom pair, no laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi photoelectric.

3. Hoʻokomo i ka pākaukau PERC

(1) Nānā Manaʻo: ʻO ka inoa piha o ka pākahi PERC he "emitter and back passivation battery", i loaʻa maoli mai ka ʻōnaehana AL-BSF o ka pahu pahu alumini maʻamau.Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka manaʻo, ua ʻano like nā mea ʻelua, a ʻo ka PERC pākahi wale nō i hoʻokahi papa passivation hope ma mua o ka pā BSF (ka ʻenehana pākahi o ka hanauna mua).ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hope passivation stack e hiki ai i ka cell PERC ke hōʻemi i ka wikiwiki o ka hui hou ʻana o ka ʻili hope me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo māmā o ka ʻili hope a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka cell.

(2) Ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala: Mai ka makahiki 2015, ua komo nā ʻāpana PERC kūloko i kahi pae o ka ulu wikiwiki.I ka makahiki 2015, ua hōʻea ka mana hana pākaukau PERC home i ka wahi mua ma ka honua, e helu ana no 35% o ka mana hana pākahi PERC honua.Ma 2016, ka "Photovoltaic Top Runner Program" i hoʻokō ʻia e ka National Energy Administration i alakaʻi i ka hoʻomaka kūhelu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka nui o ka PERC cell ma Kina, me ka awelika o 20.5%.ʻO 2017 kahi hulina no ka māhele mākeke okiʻi photovoltaic.Ua hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana o ka mākeke o nā cell maʻamau.Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mākeke o ka home PERC cell market i 15%, a ua hoʻonui ʻia kona mana hana i 28.9GW;

Mai ka makahiki 2018, ua lilo nā pākahi PERC i mea nui ma ka mākeke.I ka makahiki 2019, e hoʻolalelale ʻia ka hana nui nui o nā cell PERC, me ka nui o ka hana ʻana o 22.3%, ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ka mana hana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā cell BSF e lilo i ʻenehana kelepona photovoltaic.Wahi a CPIA manaʻo, ma 2022, hiki i ka nui o ka hana nui o nā cell PERC i ka 23.3%, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ma mua o 80%, a e kū mau ka mākeke ma mua.

4. TOPCon pākaukau

(1) wehewehe:pākaukau TOPCon, 'o ia ho'i, ua ho'omākaukau 'ia ka tunneling oxide layer passivation contact cell, ma ke kua o ka pākaukau me ka ultra-thin tunneling oxide layer a me kahi papa o ka polysilicon thin layer ki'eki'e doped, e hui pū ana i kahi ho'onohonoho pili passivation.Ma 2013, ua noi ʻia e ka Fraunhofer Institute ma Kelemānia.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā cell PERC, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka silika n-type ma ke ʻano he substrate.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pūnaewele silika p-type, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawe liʻiliʻi o n-type silicon, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana, a me ka māmā nāwaliwali.ʻO ka lua, ʻo ia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi papa passivation (ultra-thin silicon oxide SiO2 a me doped poly silicon thin layer Poly-Si) ma ke kua e hana i kahi papa passivation contact e hoʻokaʻawale loa i ka ʻāina doped mai ka metala, hiki ke hōʻemi hou i ke kua. ʻilikai.ʻO ka mea hiki ke hoʻohui hou i ka mea lawe liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka ʻili a me ka metala e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pākaukau.